Aloe vera hates sitting in water, so proper drainage is key. Select a pot with drainage holes to prevent root rot. Terracotta or clay pots are excellent because they allow moisture to evaporate. Use a cactus or succulent potting mix, which drains quickly. If you’re making your own, combine equal parts potting soil, sand, and perlite for optimal drainage.

Pro Tip: Ensure the pot is slightly larger than the plant’s root system to allow growth but avoid oversized pots that retain too much moisture.

If you’re starting with a young aloe vera plant:

• Place a layer of pebbles or small rocks at the bottom of the pot to aid drainage.
• Fill the pot halfway with the potting mix.
• Position the aloe vera in the center, ensuring the roots are covered but the base of the leaves sits above the soil.
• Gently press the soil around the plant to secure it.

For propagation from a cutting or “pup” (a small offset from a mature plant):

• Let the cutting dry for 1–2 days until the cut end forms a callus.
• Plant the cutting in the soil, keeping it upright.

Provide the Right Light

Aloe vera thrives in bright, indirect sunlight. Place it near a south- or west-facing window if indoors. Outdoors, choose a spot with partial shade to avoid scorching the leaves. If the plant’s leaves start turning brown or curling, it may be getting too much direct sun.

Pro Tip: Rotate the pot every few weeks to ensure even light exposure and prevent the plant from leaning toward the sun.

Water Sparingly

Aloe vera is a drought-tolerant succulent, so overwatering is its biggest enemy. Water deeply but infrequently:

• In spring and summer, water every 2–3 weeks, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings.
• In fall and winter, reduce watering to once a month.
• Always check the soil’s dryness by sticking your finger an inch into the soil. If it feels moist, wait a few more days.

Pro Tip: Avoid letting water sit in the plant’s rosette (the center of the leaves), as this can cause rot.

Maintain the Right Temperature

According to Rankel, aloe vera prefers warm temperatures between 55°F and 80°F (13°C to 27°C). It can tolerate slightly cooler conditions but should be protected from frost. If you live in a cold climate, bring outdoor aloe plants indoors during winter.

Fertilize Occasionally

Aloe vera doesn’t need much fertilizer. Feed it once a year in spring with a diluted cactus or succulent fertilizer (follow package instructions). Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can harm the plant.

Watch for Pests and Problems

Aloe vera is relatively pest-resistant, but watch for:

• Mealybugs or scale: Wipe leaves with a damp cloth or use neem oil for infestations.
• Root rot: Caused by overwatering; ensure proper drainage and reduce watering.
• Brown, mushy leaves: A sign of too much water or poor drainage.
• Yellowing or thin leaves: Indicates too little light or underwatering.